Module 2: Logic, Reasoning, and the Scientific Method
Quiz
What is the level of measurement of types of players on a football team (e.g., quarterback, running back)?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval / Ratio
The "Methods" section of an article accomodates what steps in the scientific method?
Collect data and analyze the data
Develop techniques or instruments and collect data
Develop hypotheses and collect data
Define the problem and develop hypotheses
To operationalize a concept is to make the concept available to sense data.
True
False
If we support the hypothesis and reject the "null hypothesis," we have provided deductive support for the theory our hypothesis is based on.
True
False
Qualitative data....
...can be measured on an interval level scale.
...provides, at best, rankings among instances or individuals on a given variable.
...includes both ordinal level and ratio level data.
...includes both interval and ratio level data.
A motorcycle is a....
concrete concept.
abstract concept.
To operationalize a concept, is to....
...summarize data and present in a table or graph.
...create new varieties of a given concept.
...take the concept and drive it down the road.
...make an abstract concept, concrete. To make it available to sense data via a valid and reliable means.
The essential components of a chain of reasoning are...
...premises, an inference, and a conclusion.
...conclusions based on sense data.
...one or more inferences based on sense data.
...true premises and valid inferences.
A Likert scale with an even number of categories and without a "Neutral" option in the middle of the scale, is best considered an _____ scale.
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
If I found several instances of critters in many lakes that had what looked like gills and scales, and I decided to call these "fish" and say all fish have gills and scales, this would be an example of ________ logic.